This
shows that the world production of only
eight edibles goes up to more than 121 crore
tones. This list does not include pulses,
oilseeds, green and dry fruits, vegetables,
meat, eggs, fish, milk and a lot of other
things used as eatables in different lands
and by different peoples. All these taken
together must exceed double the quantity of
the above edibles. According to a
conservative estimate the production of
foodstuffs is well over four time the
requirements of the total population of the
globe and if a planned programme of all the
arable land is drawn up the area of
cultivable land and its production will go
up still higher.
In
order to have a correct estimate of the
situation the expected revolutionary change
in the domain of food production must also
be kept in view. It is said that man is
about to take a big leap by which he will no
longer have to depend on plants and animals
for his food stuffs. He will get food from
sea water and air. He will have refined,
healthy, tasteful and nutritious food quite
easily and at a very low cost. Man will
totally forget the present food tastes and
standards. His food reserves will be
infinitely increased.
2.
Clothing: Cloth occupies the
second position in the necessaries of life.
Exact figures of cloth production in the
world are not available. Nevertheless an
estimate can be worked out very easily. In
1965 Indian Cotton Mills numbering 526 only
produced 7745 million meters of cloth. The
production by handlooms, power looms and
other sources of manufacture is not included
in the figure. The total production from all
sources may amount to well over 9000 million
meters per year. It is estimated that the
world production may well exceed the Indian
production at least by hundredfold. The
world production of cloth therefore may vary
between 900 to 1000 billion meters. Allowing
15 meters of cloth for every individual on
an average the total requirements of cloth
goes up to 55.5 billion meters per year.
This makes it quite clear that our
production far exceeds our actual
requirement. It has been rightly claimed
that the present production of cloth is so
abundant that after meeting the world
requirements in full the surplus stock may
go round the Equator more than once.
The
number and speed of cloth mills are
increasing by leaps and bounds. Cotton and
numerous other fibers are being used for
manufacturing clothes. Several nonfibrous
materials are being also used for the
purpose. Raiment’s made out of terylene;
nylon and rayon are now very common.
Experiments are being carried on to use
glass and aluminum for the manufacture of
clothes. It is also expected the world is
about to take a big leap in this direction
and the world production may exceed the
present one by manifold.
3.
Housing: It is long, very
since man has come out of caves and rocky
dwellings. Now-a-days he lives in big towns
and villages, housed in buildings both big
and small. Architecture has taken startling
strides. Modern buildings have attained high
degree of perfection in all respects, in
beauty and workmanship, in comfort and
luxuries, in height and space; in decency
and neatness. Sky high buildings rising well
over hundred stroyes are no wonders in
modern times. There are innumerable
buildings each accommodating a population of
a small town. It is said about the famous
Empire Buildings of New York that it houses
25 thousand people in it. To crown it all,
air conditioned buildings are increasing
fast. The process of air conditioning has
worked wonders to render relief and comfort
and to do away with the rigours of climate.
Again the pleasing decency, the cosy
softness and the ornamental finish of modern
furniture defy all description. It is said
that man has reached the threshold of
plastic age. In this age metal and other
building materials for the construction of
houses and furniture will cease to be use.
Everything will be made from plastic.
Plastic buildings are expected to be built
with greater speed and with much less cost.
4.
Medical Aid: Medical aid
occupies the fourth place in the necessaries
of life. The position of the present world
in this respect is quite different from that
of the bygone ages. Facilities for medical
aid are found in abundance in modern times.
There are thousands and thousands of
government, semi government and private
clinics spread all over the world.
Innumerable institutions for medical
education, laboratories for experiments
research centers for investigation and
enquiry and working round the clock to save
men from diseases and ailments.
Specialization in different branches of
medical science is moving apace. Development
in surgery had reached a new high. Even
heart, brain and lungs are operated upon
with amazing success. New ones are being
planted in place of old ones. Plastic
surgery however astounding it may appear, is
no longer an outstanding fear of medical
science. Hectic search for DNA and Enzyme is
on to have control over death. Very recently
man has succeeded in finding out the
particular enzyme which can dispense with
old age and make youth a permanent things
Apparatuses which can help treat various
diseases have been prepared. It is said that
in near future a number of diseases will be
completely wiped out of existence.
The
Robot age: Very recently man
has been blessed with a new gift. It is said
that our world is about to enter the robot
age. Robot is a mechanical device. It is a
man made of iron. Robot will do everything
that a man servant does these
days—marketing, cooking, washing, upkeep
of the house and carrying out the orders of
its master. It will even read out books to
you when you will so want it to do. Robot is
therefore expected to free man from the
tyrannies and burdens of labour and toil. It
is said that robot is now a reality. It has
come out of the experimental stage.
The
above survey is brief but revealing. The
position of the present world is crystal
clear. The present world is a world of
plenty having knowledge, power, and wealth
in amazing size and enormity. Man has done
much to relieve him self of the pain and
distress of life. His labours have been
fully rewarded. The generous Nature is
showering its bounty upon man almost every
moment. The whole story conjures up a
picture of the present world before our
eyes. There is one very important aspect of
the picture, which can explained well by a
hypothetical method. Suppose for a moment
that you are on Mars surrounded by the
Martian people. The Martian people will be
simply stunned to hear about the plastic and
robot ages. They are bound to come to the
conclusion that the Earth must be nothing
short of a paradise. The people there must
be the most fortunate souls and must be
living in perfect peace and happiness. They
must have no problems at all. Each and every
evil must have been wiped out. The life
there must be all mirth and joy free from
all miseries and sufferings, sorrows and
pain.
Now
let us come down to the Earth and face the
realities. The appalling poverty, the
gruesome miseries and sufferings and the
smarting want and hunger are most pronounced
in human life. Today man sits on huge piles
of food stuffs but he is a victim of acute
hunger. He stands on Himalayan stocks of
cloth, but he is naked. He is surrounded by
sky-high houses and is abundantly rich in
means of medical aid but is practically
quite deprived of them. The situation has
become elusive and defies explanation. It is
an amazing example of scarcity in the land
of plenty. The world has reached a point
where everything aggravates and nothing
relieves. This is the climax of the crisis
man is faced with.
But
why is it so? Has man gone mad? Does he lack
in knowledge, power or wealth? We have
already discussed it. He lacks none of
these. He is not mad. On the contrary he is
intelligent, scholarly, learned and wise.
But nothing is coming to his rescue.
Everything appears to be frowning at him.
The defect lies in our modern civilization
also known as Western civilization. This
civilization with all its apparent glamour
and outward attraction is solely responsible
for the diabolical change in man’s out
look reducing him to the position of brutes
and monsters. This remark reads
uncharitable. To ascertain the truth it is
necessary to examine some of the basic
foundations of our modern civilization.
Atheism:
Atheism is the foundation stone of modern
civilization. It literally means disbelief
in the existence of God. The atheists
believe that the universe has come into
being by itself. It is operating by itself
and will go on working without any help
whatsoever. The entire universe with all its
wonderous expressions is the outcome of the
blind play of the mysterious chance. It has
no planning nor any motive or purpose behind
it. This universe has come into being at
random, and quite abruptly it will come to
its end. At present we are not concerned
whether this view of life is correct or
wrong. What we are concerned with here is
about its actual contributions to man and
civilization. Apparently the denial of the
existence of God makes no difference at all
to the life of man. It is therefore
absolutely absurd to drag this issue into
discussion. This has nothing to do with the
precipitation of any crisis in the life of
man. But this mode of thinking will never
help us. The issue calls for much serious
and sober thinking. In sober thinking it is
atheism alone that has precipitated the
present horrible crisis. Atheism
imperceptibly brings about radical changes
in a man’s outlook. It transforms him very
secretly. In the first place the magic of
atheism makes a man absolutely
irresponsible. He thinks himself scot-free
and quite unanswered before any authority
for his believe and actions. He thinks
himself free to do anything. Any person
interfering with his whims and fancies must
be done away with. This mental change dawns
upon him with a basic change in character.
He takes off his human mantle and wears that
of a body beast. The milk of human kindness
and compassion decomposes to the core and
spreads its stink all around. Secondly an
atheist is apt to think that his existence
carries no purpose at all. He has no duty to
perform and no obligation and responsibility
to discharge. He has been thrown into a
world laden with unfathomable riches and
boundless resources for his comfort and
pleasure. All these lavish bounties of
nature have been awarded to him free from
obligations and without asking. This idea
tempts him to fall a victim to selfishness
and greed----the main causes of all troubles
in human societies.
Thirdly
the creed of atheism leads man to believe
that his life is limited to this world only.
There is no life after death. This idea adds
abundantly to his currish spirit and brutish
tastes. He thinks that after his short
sojourn on Earth he will be dead and gone
for ever. This induces him to take to
hedonistic pleasure and enjoyment. This idea
is responsible for the creation of a
separate school of thought in philosophy.
Their key word is represented by the
following lines.
Eat,
drink and be merry
For
tomorrow thou shalt die.
If
this idea takes root in a man his lust for
sensual pleasure will know no bounds. For
the attainment of his objective he will care
little for the right of others. Blinded by
his lustful passions he may stoop so low
that he may not hesitate to use such ways
and means as would spell disaster for
others, for the whole nation or even for the
humanity at large.
This
short analysis shows the baneful effects
atheism is pregnant with. It is true it does
not make any impact or change in the
universe and its workings. But it makes a
tremendous and radical change on man’s
mind. In fact it kills the humanitarian
value of a man and a biped animal is left
with a mind of a bloody brute. This change
in man alters the entire gamut of human
behaviour and the whole world turns into a
den of cannibals.
Atheism
has a number of other aspects as well. Here
only a few of the basic ones have been
touched. The other aspects will be
underlined in discussions made hereafter.
Utilitarianism:
The second basis of western civilization is
utilitarianism. This is a necessary result
and outcome of atheism. The main idea behind
the theory is that every work presupposes
some gain or utility. Gain or utility is the
motive force of every work done by an
individual. A work without a gain is
unthinkable. The idea is all correct and
nobody can deny the truth of the
proposition. But what is gain or utility?
The word has been taken to mean differently
with different ideologies. The utilitarian
people have committed a blunder in
interpreting the import of utility and have
been caught in a morass. By utility they
mean some reward received in this very world
in the shape of some material gain. Moreover
the gain must give some sensual and
hedonistic pleasure, otherwise it is of no
worth at all. This idea has tremendously
added to the greed and selfishness of the
individual and makes his atrocious temper a
bit more inhuman. The utilitarian school has
given rise to a new school of thought which
has entirely changed the character of modern
civilization and made it sensate in
character.
Epicureanism:
Epicureanism forms the third basis of
western civilization. This theory is
advanced to explain the meaning of utility
by Utilitarian School. The theory is also
known by the name of Hedonism and
Eudaemonism. All these have common aims and
objectives. They consider the attainment of
hedonistic pleasures and the satisfaction
sensual passions to be the aim of human
life. Much has been done to prove the
validity of these theories. The Epicurean
school has made use of logic and literature,
passions and sentiments, sensual and sex
appeals to attract people towards this
theory. It encourages all kinds of
indulgence and excesses and consequently
makes a man lose control of himself and take
such steps as would endanger the life,
honour and property of others as well.
Therefore Epicureanism works as a great
destructive agent and is responsible for
many tragedies and crisis in the world.
Now
let us see what kind of personality emerges
from the combined action of utilitarianism
and Epicureanism. The personality developed
by them will believe that the sensual
pleasure and enjoyments are the real motive
behind all actions. They are real values and
actual virtues. These are the only desirable
things. They are the summum bonum of life.
Therefore, anything obstructing their
attainment is a veritable evil and heinous
sin.
This
concept has a far reaching affect on Western
civilization. Firstly, it strengthened the
utilitarian and atheistic propositions, made
a man shake off all shyness, fear and hatred
to do the most heinous of crimes and
discarded all sense of disgrace and
defilement to plunge headlong into moral
turpitude and shameful acts of lewdness. All
sins now became virtuous deeds. He has lost
his conscience for good. Secondly, the
concept of values underwent a drastic
change. All values became relative. The idea
of permanent values was altogether
abandoned. There is now nothing good and
nothing bad. The same thing is good at one
time and bad at another. Everything yielding
some material gains and worldly pleasure is
considered to be virtue and goodness and all
things doing vice versa are considered to be
vice and sin. Selfless service is a
stupidity of the first order. This theory
swept away all moral conceptions. Mercy and
compassion, sympathy and sincerity,
forgiveness and clemency and all noble and
lowly sentiments that give no material
benefit are mere absurdities. To take pity
on a helpless widow, decrepit orphan and a
poor or needy fellow is simply foolishness
imprudence. Even the services to mankind and
works of public good have become void of
sincerity and true sympathy. They are all
acts of hypocrisy and deceit, done for some
ulterior motive of material gains or
hedonistic pleasure. Thirdly, man came under
the tight grip of destructive and
vandalistic forces and became a mere puppet
in the hands of the basest sentiments of
animalism. Man is a supreme being. He has
got the power to soar up to unknown heights
and at same time he can stoop to the lowest
of levels. When he surrenders to idea of God
and the life after death he rises to
unfathomable heights but when he yields to
mean and lowly sentiments he falls down to
the lowest level of vulgarity and
degeneration. Atheism made him
irresponsible, utilitarianism and
Epicureanism made him a slave of his own
desires and passions. This change
administered a dose of strong poison
resulting in the death of the real man and
leaving a monstrous beast in the human body.
One can expect nothing save death and
destruction from such a creature.
LiblLiberalism:
Liberalism is another basis of western
civilization. It means enlightenment,
broadmindedness and freedom from prejudice
and bias. It is opposed to conservatism,
fanaticism and obscurantism. It is a
generous and tolerant attitude of mind free
from traditional orthodoxy. This doctrine
caters to the needs of a corporate life. It
is an idea par excellence. It
discards narrow mindedness and self conceit.
It has due respect for the opinion of
others. It is, therefore, a boon for the
smooth running of our social life and
collective security. But modern liberalism
has disgressed from the real stand of the
concept. It is an abnormal and unbalanced
concept of toleration, broadmindedness,
generosity and freedom. In its present form
it is almost a revolt against all
authorities. It wants freedom from bindings
and restraints in every walk of
life----religious, moral, social, political,
economic. Democracy in politics, the policy
of Laissez Fair in Economics and the
idea of individual liberty in social spheres
are the outcome of this concept. The
liberalists believe in the unlimited freedom
of the individual. They want to do away with
every restriction or interference put in
from any quarter---church, state or society.
Liberalism
has made deep and far-reaching effects on
western civilization.
Firstly,
in the economic field the idea of lawful and
unlawful, honesty and dishonesty, justice or
injustice was thrown to the winds. Man
became scot-free to acquire and spend wealth
according to his own sweet will. He is not
bound to follow any code of conduct in his
economic dealings. This led to the
introduction of forgery, cheating and
fraudulent methods in trade and commerce.
Gambling, speculation, interest, lottery and
the like have become common. Immoral and
obscene literature, intoxicants, fireworks,
articles of fashion and luxuries and
thousand of such things as would be only
harmful to man became more important than
the most important necessaries of life.
Theft and burglary, drinking and
prostitution, murders and rape spread like
epidemics. Corruption in economic life made
deep indents on moral, social, political and
other aspects of life as well. Exploitation,
profiteering, selfishness, greed,
characterlessness, obscenity and ransacking
assumed huge proportions. Like mad gods men
began to snarl, bite and fall upon each
other, turning the world into a hell.
The
thread binding the social institutions was
broken. Free mixing of females with males,
co-education, your festival, and other
collective recreations in which your boys
and girls may mix freely came into vogue.
Women stood shoulder to shoulder with men in
all walks of life. Obscenity, immodesty,
sexual excesses and evils flowing from them
swept away all sense of purity and chastity,
honour and prestige, refinement and culture.
All incest taboos even against the closest
of relations are being thrown to the gutter.
Brothers, hotels, bars, recreation clubs,
lodges, dancing houses and studios have
become centers of sex immorality and
lewdness. They defy all description.
Marriages and divorces have been reduced to
mere pastimes. Family system is in disarray.
Hippieism and Teddyism and on the march.
Social evils are on the increase. Suicides
are becoming common. The moral tone is at
low ebb. Morality is the main pivot on which
human life revolves. Our moral turpitude and
degradation, therefore, have ruined the
entire life of man, resulting in
oppressions, exploitations, miseries,
privations, hatred and unprecedented blood
baths and holocausts.
Secularism:
Secularism is the fifth foundation stone of
western civilization. It is opposed to
religion and morality. It is a long story
how secularism came into being. It is no
occasion to go into the details. But let us
give a hint about it.
In
1453, Muslims took possession of
Constantinople which was the seat of
learning and culture those days. Men of
knowledge and learning fled the country and
spread all over Europe. They brought the
lamps of learning with them. Europe at that
time was all bleak and dark. These scholars
from Constantinople encouraged the spirit of
research and enquiry in all branches of
knowledge. This led to the revival of
learning known as Renaissance in history.
Christianity was the religion professed by
the whole Europe at that time. The religion
inherited by the church had a large number
of superstitions are baseless materials
crept into the original. The Greek
philosophy formed the fundamentals of the
creed. But the church people were adamant
that all these were original and true
Christianity and hence anything going
against the creed was necessarily wrong and
incorrect. On the other side, caravans of
learning and research were taking startling
strides. Inventions and discoveries poured
in from all sides. But they were contrary to
the belief of the church, Who characterized
them as heretical and irreligious. The
church men could not tolerate this insolence
on the part of laymen, as these men of
letters and learning were called. The church
was unable to give out arguments or proofs
to contradict the laymen. They wanted to
convince them by force and coercion. The
result was that eminent scholars, mighty
brains and great men of the age had to
suffer unspeakable miseries at the hands of
the churchmen. By the order of the
Inquisition hundreds of scientist and
scholars were committed to the flames alive,
thousands were sent to the gallows and a
greater number of men were sent to jails to
live under the rigours of inhuman tortures
and travails. Bruno, Galileo and men like
them were mercilessly done to death. The
violent and unwise attitude of the church
divided Europe in two hostile camps—The
Church and Scientists. In the struggle that
followed the church was disgraceful defeated
and had to vacate the position of leadership
for the laymen. The latter were bloodthirsty
enemies of the church. The blind enmity made
them fanatically hostile to religion and
morality. In a fit of their violent
hostility of the church the new leadership
rejected all the values that came through
religion. The new class began to construct
the society a new a on a quite a different
foundation. Religion and morality were
completely discarded from the new concept.
As this class was equipped both with pen and
sword, it took little time to create a new
mind fanatically hostile to religion and
morality. Religion became a mark ignorance,
superstition and obscurantism. Hostility to
the religion was considered to be a symbol
of liberalism. The atmosphere thus created
proved congenial to anti-religious ideas
known as secularism. It became a fashion of
the day to put religion to all sorts of
ridicules, mockery and scorn. “This must
be true because the church is opposed to
it” indicated clearly the strong feeling
against the church. The above expression was
the fashion of the day.
Secularism
made ruthless inroads into religion. It
completely ignored the divine guidance and
discarded all possibilities of the existence
of God and the life hereafter. It gainsaid
all the moral values and declared them to be
only relative in character. Religion was
thus dislodged from its position and forced
out of power. This was one of the most
tragic happenings for man. He lost the real
anchorage and began to order his own career
with complete disregard to the divine
guidance and thereby courted unprecedented
disaster for himself on Earth. He became a
mere slave to his own passions and desires.
Nationalism:
Nationalism is the sixth basis of western
civilization. It is necessary consequence of
atheism. Man is a born slave. He is
helpless. He cannot change his status. He
must live like a slave. As a matter of fact
he is a slave of God, but he has been given
a bit of freedom as well. He is free to
choose God as his lord and master or totally
deny to do so. But his denial does not make
him free and independent. By refusing to
become a slave of God he becomes a slave of
some other demigods like his own passions
and desires, tradition and customs, nation
and homeland, race and colour, power and
pelf, name and fame and the like. Atheism by
denying the authority of God created a big
void and exposed man to the dangers of
obeying masters other than God. The void so
created was fitted in by Nationalism.
Nationalism
is now the master of the people. Sovereignty
vests in nation. The greatest virtue now is
to sacrifice for the nation. The greatest
crime is to go against it. What is
profitable for the nation is good and
virtuous, no matter if it be against truth
and justice. What is harmful to the nation
is necessarily a vice and therefore
condemnable whether it be just according to
truth and honesty. The expression “My
nation, right or wrong” is redolent of a
nationalist mind. The great propounder of
nationalism, Machiavelli, an Italian
statesman, in his book ‘The Prince’ has
unequivocally advocated.
·
The
separation of religion from politics.
·
Ends
justify means. Therefore in politics every
means even forgery, perjury and the most
fraudulent methods must invariably be used
to gain one’s end.
·
Rulers
must have double faces and must practise
duplicity. They should not speak out their
minds to the closest of their associates.
·
They
must not hesitate to criss—cross the
dearest virtue to save the state.
The
concept of nationalism proved a death blow
to the moral code and humanitarian view in
one’s individual and social affairs.
Firstly, the idea of the unity of man was
completely exploded. Humanity divided itself
in innumerable units and groups on the basis
of homeland, language, race, colour, caste,
class and community. This helped to create a
number of prejudices. Every group is locked
in a ceaseless struggle and trying to get
the better of others in spreading hatred and
misunderstandings against one another. This
state of affairs has unleashed forces of
disruption at all levels. Gross material
ambitions have divided mankind into
innumerable narrow compartments. In short,
man has become the slave of man. Secondly,
man became double face. This inauspicious
turn in man’s character gave a death blow
to the noble human sentiments and roused
giant forces of animals instincts ever ready
to play the traitor beast. The trust and
confidence reposed in him have become with
things of the past. The mind staggers to
think to deal with such men.
Thirdly,
the separation of religion from politics is
one of the greatest tragedies in human life.
This has reduced religion to become a
private affair between an individual and
God. It has also deprived man of the
invaluable guidance of religion in social
and collective affairs. The result is that
man has been caught by the brute forces of
merciless high-handedness and cruel torture
provided by insane secularism.
Modern
Democracy: Modern
Democracy is another basis of our modern
civilization. The aim and spirit of the
doctrine is well intentioned. It aims at
ending the rule of one man or family. It is
contradictory to monarchy and dictatorship.
It is government by consultation and
discussion. Thus in democracy everybody is a
ruler. It claims to promote the freedom of
conscience freedom of speech, freedom of
faith and belief and freedom of the
individual, It advocates the idea of
equality and fraternity. It promises social
justice and equal opportunity for all. All
these points render the democracy to be an
ideal proposition. But the basic creed and
the modus operandi have defeated all its
purposes and good intentions.
The
basic creed of modern democracy has been
summed up in the expressions. “Sovereignty
vests in the people”, this conception is
the source of all troubles. According to
this philosophy the people are the arbiters
of their own fate. The ‘general will must
prevail’. The will of the prople is the
only thing that counts. The conception of
lawful and unlawful, right and wrong, good
and bad are notions not to be reckoned with.
This idea reduced man to the position of a
toy in the hands of his passions and
desires. Modern democracy gave the slogan.
“Liberty, Equality and Fraternity”, but
practically compelled man to accept the
slavery of his own will. The decision was
most unfortunate and quite disastrous for
the interests and aspirations of mankind.
(a)
Another weakness of modern democracy is
inherent in its modes of operation. It
operates through elections. Candidates have
to do a number of things highly undesirable
and utterly disgraceful. They have to
canvass support for themselves, indulge in
selfpraise, use unfair means, make false
promises, speak lies openly, hold feasts and
dancing and drinking parties. The idea of
doing general good is thrown to the winds.
The good of the self or the family or at
best the party is kept in view. Voters are
at times threatened and at times tempted
with some personal gain. Rowdies are
employed for intimidation. Caste and
communal feelings are fanned and riots are
arranged. Officers are bribed. Bogus votes
are caste. Candidates and voters are
kidnapped. Fraudulent methods and speeches
are used to mislead the voters. Tall talks
and promises are freely made without any
intention of fulfilling them. Such actions
have never been approved by even the most
characterless mediocres before.
A
few months before the elections, parties and
individuals launch their election campaign.
Feverish activities begin slogans of
conflicts and strife rend the air. The whole
atmosphere is surcharged with activities of
working hand is glove, of hatching plots and
using fraudulent methods. The situation
becomes tense. Friends fall apart. Enemies
conspire together. It comes up like a storm
and every individual is exposed to the
dangers of violence and rowdyism. Third
degree methods are extensively used.
(b)
The second weakness of the modus operandi is
that the people after electing their masters
are rendered powerless and invalid. It is
because the people actually place at the
disposal of the elected coterie the entire
resources of the country---treasury,
military, police, administration and full
legislative powers. All these make them too
potent to be controlled by any other power
of the land. They oppress and loot the
people in all possible ways. They amass
fabulous wealth. They befool the people in
hundred ways and live like emperors and
monarchs. But nobody can have the means and
even the courage to correct them. The
upholders of democracy very easily convince
the people that the real masters are the
people of the land. They can easily make and
unmake governments. But in modern democracy
the removal of bad elements from the
government is most difficult is not
impossible. It is all the more difficult to
elect men of character and ability.
(c
) The third weakness is that worthless and
irresponsible people, incompetent even for
the post of a chaprasi can be raised to
highest position in the country. He can get
possession of the resources of the country
and the life, property and honour of the
people and spoil the whole lot through his
foolishness and incompetence.
3.
In modern democracy, politics has become a
profession. It is at present the most easy
the most profitable and the safest
profession. There is no parallel to it.
Every profession needs some ability, capital
and time. But democracy requires none. The
only qualification needed is opportunism. In
democracy ministry is master key which opens
the gates of multipurpose prosperity and
progress in almost a negligible space of
time. The pauper of yesterday becomes a
millionaire of today.
4.
With the advent of democracy the sanctity
and reverence for law and constitution came
to a close. When the source of law and
constitution was divine guidance, they quite
naturally commanded great respect, reverence
and sanctity. Man felt a kind of delight and
consolation in putting these laws into
practice. He got his sense of devotion and
worship satisfied. It is why people felt
real pleasure in obeying them even if it
entailed difficulties in doing so and a
departure from time was considered to be a
sin and the conscienced felt a pinching of
reproach. Therefore people obeyed these laws
and constitution voluntarily and without any
pressure from outside. Modern democracy by
giving legislative powers to Parliament
disbanded all sense of respect and sanctity
for law. Parliament is composed of ordinary
men in no way superior in character,
intellect and learning. Hence it is
impossible for it to command sanctity and
reverence. Moreover the established laws are
repeated and new ones are enacted every now
and then reducing them to the ordinary and
common place level. The blot encouraged
lawlessness in all quarters. Contravention
of laws by even the makers of laws is common
and frequent. The protectors of law are by
no means an exception. The contravention of
laws on such a large scale and without fear
and hesitation is being done due to two
reasons.
a.
The contravener has full confidence to
escape the clutches of law by putting a
cover on his unlawful activities. To conceal
a crime and make a pompous show of innocence
has become an art a creditable deed these
days. Even the most efficient intelligence
agencies fail to detect the so concealed
crimes. It is said of Hitler and Stalin that
they executed a large number of innocent
people without letting them know that they
had a hand in their murder and execution.
Everybody in the last moment of death cries
out the slogan “Hail Hitler” and “Long
live Stalin”. The fact was so astutely
concealed that nobody knew the actual hands
that led to their murder.
b.
Secondly, a man escapes the clutches of laws
by bribes and blackmail. This is a well
known technique and needs no explanation.
Bribery prevails at all levels and in
hundred shapes and forms.
These
reasons have devalued laws and likened them
to a cobweb, which entraps the weak, and
flies into pieces by the strong. This has
become a great source of countless evils and
vices.
8.
Darwinism:
Darwinism is another name of the theory of
evolution propounded by the great naturalist
and biologist Charles Darwin (1809-82). In
his opinion the first speck of life appeared
in the form of microscopic organism, known
as amoeba. This primary sign of life
branched off into two directions, one
leading to the origin and growth of the
vegetable world and other world and other to
those of the animal world and man. Amoeba is
thus the first and man the last link in the
world of living organisms. This wonderful
development was made possible by Evolution.
Darwin
has propounded this theory in his two famous
works. ‘The Origin of Species’ and
‘The Descent of Man’. According to him
“Species originate by means of Natural
selection or through the preservation of the
favoured races in the struggle for life”.
He maintains that the various species of
plants and animals have acquired their
several characteristics by the slow and
continuous accumulation of minute
differences through countless generations
and that the human race itself has been
developed through innumerable accumulated
minute variations from some groups of
anthropoid apes whose own origin, again, may
ultimately be traced to the humble organic
things. Even man therefore is no distinct
creation. His nearest cousins at the present
day are the apes and his pedigree extends
backwards until it joins that of the
lowliest zoophytes. In other words the life
of every living creature has to struggle
constantly to maintain its existence against
other rival living creatures and the force
of nature. In this universal struggle those
living creatures that prove to be the
fittest alone survive or maintain their
existence and they may be said to be
selected by nature as the fittest for
existence to the rejection of a number of
unfit ones. Again, according to Darwin and
his followers living creatures are
constantly undergoing spontaneous
modifications or variations. No two
creatures are or ever have been born exactly
alike. Protoplasmic cells are extremely
complex and unstable, and therefore liable
to variation and spontaneous variation in
the germ cell cause variations in the nature
organism. Now fortuitous organic variations
are sometimes beneficial to creatures in
their struggle for existence and sometimes
detrimental. Those changes or variations
inherited by posterity go on increasing from
generation to generation until at last
through the assemblage or accumulation of
variations in the same direction, a new
species or variety of living being is
produced. If the variations are beneficial
the variety will be quite fit to maintain
itself in the struggle for existence but if
the variations are injurious the new variety
will be last evolved totally unfit for the
struggle and will have to perish inevitably.
The
theory is attended with evils of
unparalleled monstrosity. It has brought
about radical changes in man’s outlooks
and reduced him to the lowest pitch of
inferiority.
1.
Man became social animal. He took off his
mantle of a human being and became an animal
by origin, nature and disposition.
2.
Man became a purposeless creature that has
come into existence by mere play of blind
chance. His creation has no planning and no
meaning at all.
3.
The idea of atheism has been strengthened
and the concept of the Day of Judgment is
negated.
4.
All the nobler qualities of man have been
denied modesty, chastity, shame,
respectability etc. have been gainsaid and
negatived.
5.
All notions of moral values like mercy,
sympathy, love, sincerity, forgiveness etc
are declared to be unnatural and fit for
fools and buffoons. These were replaced by
brute sentiments like death and
destructions, envy and grudge, rage and
fury, forgery and perjury etc.
6.
Religion and morality, revelation and
inspiration and the moral, intellectual and
empirical assets necessary for the formation
of human and noble character have been
completely annulled.
7.
The law of the jungle, ‘might is right’
prevailed in human society. Man lost all
sense of mercy and compassion. The struggle
for existence began to rage at all levels
and the world was red
